A strange effect on the bulb for sure. Seems odd that any mechanical damage could have that effect. And I'm not sure what type of insect attack could produce that either.
A possibility seems to be a sort of "witches' broom" type growth - which must, I think, be allied to the sort of fasciation one sees quite commonly. I've always thought that that was caused by a virus attack but 'm not sure about that....
It will be very interesting to see how the shoots progress through the season and if the bulb gains sufficient nutrient from all this "frantic" growth to sustain it through to another year. I would be doubtful that it will survive - but , if it does so, the net question will be to see if this growth pattern is repeated or if this proves to be a one season fluke.