James,
there are quite some seeds which are ephemeral (short-lived). Most of those should be sown immediately or stored cool and humid (in a plastic ziplock bag in slightly damp sphagnum or vermiculite in the fridge). As a rule of thumb you can say that most seeds of plants from the family of the Ranunculaceae (Ranunculus, Hepatica, Pulsatilla, Anemone...) are ephemeral, also Jeffersonia, Trillium, Epimedium and some others are short lived.
For most alpines, dry storage at room temperature is adequate.